Many Advisors to optionees claim that the
optionees are prohibited from hedging their
employee stock options with listed calls and puts
because the company prohibits these sales by
contract or has policies to that effect.
My experience is otherwise.
It's quite easy to find out if your employer
prohibits or has policies that constrain hedging
while optionees hold ESOs. They can merely read
the Options Plan Contract and the Options
Agreement. Although there is generally a prohibition
against transferring or pledging the ESOs, there is
generally nothing there that prohibits such sales of
exchange traded options to hedge the ESOs.
These contracts and agreements generally state that
these two agreements and their terms constitute all
of the agreements relative to the Stock Options terms.
Maybe there is some other agreement beyond
the two mentioned above. If there are other
agreements, you should have copies of those.
You can find out more by merely asking the
company Investor Relations and they may tell you.
Or you may wish to call Human Resourses or have
your stock broker or lawyer call them.
Ask the official to write you a letter or have him
point to the language in some plan or agreement.
Reasons:
Why does your adviser generally say that the
company prohibits hedging? He tells you that
because he does not want you to hedge your ESOs.
It is as simple as that.
Many believe that there is a prohibition against
hedging, but few have ever looked into the issue.
Your advisoer wants you to make premature exercises,
sell the stock and invest the net after tax proceeds
in a managed fund where he can make his one percent.
It is also a big advantage to the company to have
employees make premature exercises.
The company receives the forfeited "time premium"
and gets an early tax deduction equal to what the
optionee must show as income. The company also gets
an infusion of cash equal to the exercise price.
The company also gets to use a shorter "expected"
time to expiration when calculating the "Fair Value"
of the ESOs that are expensed at vesting, thereby
lowering compensation expensing and raising profits.
Making premature exercises of ESOs is like making
early withdrawals from your retirement plan.
You get hit with a penalty for early exercise and
a penalty for early removal from your retirement plan.
In both cases the gain is ordinary income when the
early exercise and when the early withdrawal is made.
Some may say that even the officers and directors
make premature exercises. So it can not be all that bad.
Well, these insiders do so because they know that the
compensation committee will reload them with ESOs
whose value is greater that what they "forfeited" and
the taxes they paid. But the compensation committee
will not reload the average manager or employee with
a new grant upon exercise and sale of the stock.
John